Candidates seeking to upgrade their qualifications by recognition of prior learning were commonly deficient in more abstract performance criteria. Experience in routine training does not necessarily provide the skills that define higher level qualifications in vocational education and training.
Professor Bogduk retired from medical research at the University of Newcastle to become a Lead Trainer and Assessor in the NSW State Emergency Service. He has collaborated with Fortress Australia to bring quantitative research methods to bear on issues in Vocational Education and Training, with a particular interest in qualifications and teaching skills.